Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes is a common language (set of identifiers, names, and codes) for clinical and laboratory observations. LOINC provides the lingua franca for interoperable data exchange, it contains concepts for everything from a serum alpha 1 antitrypsin level to a zygomatic arch x-ray report. For each concept, LOINC contains many other rich details, such as synonyms, units of measure, and carefully crafted descriptions.
John Snow Labs Standard End User License Agreement
Last updated:January 20, 2021
This Standard End User License Agreement (“EULA”) applies to customers of John Snow Labs Inc. (as defined below), using any product of John Snow Labs Inc. on John Snow Labs Marketplace as defined below (hereinafter referred to “you”) and John Snow Labs Inc., a Delaware corporation (“John Snow Labs”, “we” or “us”).
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LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) facilitates the exchange of results data by providing a universal standard for identifying laboratory observations. The LOINC database and its supporting documentation are maintained by the Regenstrief Institute, Inc.
LOINC is endorsed by the American Clinical Laboratory Association and the College of American Pathologists. It has been adopted by some large commercial laboratories for use in HL7 result messages and is used by some US federal agencies with healthcare interests. While initially created specifically for HL7 messaging, its use has expanded to Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) ultrasound messages and Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) pharmaceutical industry messages.
LOINC provides a standard way of identifying observations using approximately 41,000 observation terms. Nearly 31,000 of these terms are used for laboratory testing. LOINC codes allow you to merge clinical results from multiple sources into a single database, allowing results to be automatically sent to the appropriate place and improving patient care and clinical research.
The dataset mentioned plays a crucial role in supporting applications of Generative AI in healthcare by enhancing terminology accuracy and facilitating better communication among medical professionals and patients.
Information Systems LOINC Terminologies, LOINC Identifier Terminologies, LOINC Observation System Terminologies, LOINC
Data Fields
Name
Description
Type
Constraints
LOINC_Num
The unique LOINC Code is a string in the format of nnnnnnnn-n.
string
-
Component
First major axis-component or analyte.
string
-
Property
Second major axis-property observed (e.g., mass vs. substance).
string
-
Time_Aspct
Third major axis-timing of the measurement (e.g., point in time vs 24 hours)
string
-
System
Fourth major axis-type of specimen or system (e.g., serum vs urine).
string
-
Scale_Typ
Fifth major axis-scale of measurement (e.g., qualitative vs. quantitative)
string
-
Method_Typ
Sixth major axis-method of measurement
string
-
Class
An arbitrary classification of the terms for grouping related observations together. The current classifications are listed in Table 32. We present the database sorted by the class field within class type (see field 23). Users of the database should feel free to re-sort the database in any way they find useful, and/or to add their own classifying fields to the database.
string
-
Version_Last_Changed
The LOINC version number in which the record has last changed. For new records, this field contains the same value as the loinc.FirstPublishedRelease field.
string
-
Chng_Type
Change Type Code
string
-
Definition_Description
Narrative text that describes the LOINC term taken as a whole (i.e., taking all of the parts of the term together) or relays information specific to the term, such as the context in which the term was requested or its clinical utility.
string
-
Status
ACTIVE = Concept is active. Use at will.
string
-
Consumer_Name
An experimental (beta) consumer friendly name for this item. The intent is to provide a test name that health care consumers will recognize; it will be similar to the names that might appear on a lab report and is not guaranteed to be unique because some elements of the LOINC name are likely to be omitted. We will continue to modify these names in future release, so do not expect it to be stable (or perfect).
Contains the formula in human readable form, for calculating the value of any measure that is based on an algebraic or other formula except those for which the component expresses the formula. So Sodium/creatinine does not need a formula, but Free T3 index does.
string
-
Exmpl_Answers
For some tests and measurements, we have supplied examples of valid answers, such as “1:64”, “negative @ 1:16”, or “55”.
string
-
Survey_Quest_Text
Verbatim question from the survey instrument
string
-
Survey_Quest_Src
Exact name of the survey instrument and the item/question number
string
-
Is_Units_Required
"true" & "false" field that indicates that units are required when this LOINC is included as an OBX segment in a HIPAA attachment
boolean
-
Related_Names_2
This field was introduced in version 2.05. It contains synonyms for each of the parts of the fully specified LOINC name (component, property, time, system, scale, method). It replaces #8, Relat_NMS.
string
-
Short_Name
Introduced in version 2.07, this field contains the short form of the LOINC name and is created via a table driven algorithmic process. The short name often includes abbreviations and acronyms.
string
-
Order_Obs
Defines term as order only, observation only, or both. A fourth category, Subset, is used for terms that are subsets of a panel but do not represent a package that is known to be orderable. We have defined them only to make it easier to maintain panels or other sets within the LOINC construct.
string
-
HL7_Field_Subfield_ID
A value in this field means that the content should be delivered in the named field/subfield of the HL7 message. When NULL, the data for this data element should be sent in an OBX segment with this LOINC code stored in OBX-3 and with the value in the OBX-5.
string
-
External_Copyright_Notice
External copyright holders copyright notice for this LOINC code.
string
-
Example_Units
This field is populated with a combination of submitters units and units that people have sent us. Its purpose is to show users representative, but not necessarily recommended, units in which data could be sent for this term.
string
-
Long_Common_Name
This field contains the LOINC name in a more readable format than the fully specified name. The long common names have been created via a table driven algorithmic process. Most abbreviations and acronyms that are used in the LOINC database have been fully spelled out in English.
string
-
Example_UCUM_Units
The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. (www.unitsofmeasure.org ) This field contains example units of measures for this term expressed as UCUM units.
string
-
Status_Reason
Classification of the reason for concept status. This field will be Null for ACTIVE concepts, and optionally populated for terms in other status where the reason is clear. DEPRECATED or DISCOURAGED terms may take values of: AMBIGUOUS, DUPLICATE, or ERRONEOUS.
string
-
Status_Text
Explanation of concept status in narrative text. This field will be Null for ACTIVE concepts, and optionally populated for terms in other status.
string
-
Change_Reason_Public
Detailed explanation about special changes to the term over time.
string
-
Common_Test_Rank
Ranking of approximately 2000 common tests performed by laboratories in USA.
integer
level : Ordinal
Common_Order_Rank
Ranking of approximately 300 common orders performed by laboratories in USA.
integer
level : Ordinal
HL7_Attachment_Structure
This field will be populated in collaboration with the HL7 Attachments Work Group as described in the HL7 Attachment Specification: Supplement to Consolidated CDA Template Guide. Text will either be STRUCTURED or UNSTRUCTURED for relevant terms.
string
-
External_Copyright_Link
For terms that have a third party copyright, this field is populated with the COPYRIGHT_ID from the Source Organization table. It links a external copyright statement to a term.
string
-
Panel_Type
Describes a panel as a "Convenience group", "Organizer", or "Panel". A "Panel" is an enumerated set of terms that are used together in direct clinical care. The package would typically be thought of as a single orderable item that contains a set of reported observations.
string
-
Ask_At_Order_Entry
A multivalued field, semicolon delimited list of LOINC codes that represent optional Ask at Order Entry (AOE) observations for a clinical observation or laboratory test. A LOINC term in this field may represent a single AOE observation or a panel containing several AOE observations.
string
-
Associated_Observations
A multi-valued, semicolon delimited list of LOINC codes that represent optional associated observation(s) for a clinical observation or laboratory test. A LOINC term in this field may represent a single associated observation or panel containing several associated observations.
Demos
